01360nas a2200181 4500008004100000022001400041245008900055210006900144260000800213300001400221490000700235520080900242100001701051700002301068700002001091700002101111856004601132 2013 eng d a1559-002X00aLipschitz Classification of Almost-Riemannian Distances on Compact Oriented Surfaces0 aLipschitz Classification of AlmostRiemannian Distances on Compac cJan a438–4550 v233 a

Two-dimensional almost-Riemannian structures are generalized Riemannian structures on surfaces for which a local orthonormal frame is given by a Lie bracket generating pair of vector fields that can become collinear. We consider the Carnot–Carathéodory distance canonically associated with an almost-Riemannian structure and study the problem of Lipschitz equivalence between two such distances on the same compact oriented surface. We analyze the generic case, allowing in particular for the presence of tangency points, i.e., points where two generators of the distribution and their Lie bracket are linearly dependent. The main result of the paper provides a characterization of the Lipschitz equivalence class of an almost-Riemannian distance in terms of a labeled graph associated with it.

1 aBoscain, Ugo1 aCharlot, Grégoire1 aGhezzi, Roberta1 aSigalotti, Mario uhttps://doi.org/10.1007/s12220-011-9262-400991nas a2200169 4500008004100000245009900041210006900140260001300209300001200222490000800234520046000242100002100702700002300723700002000746700001900766856003600785 2011 en d00aThe sphere and the cut locus at a tangency point in two-dimensional almost-Riemannian geometry0 asphere and the cut locus at a tangency point in twodimensional a bSpringer a141-1610 v17 3 a

We study the tangential case in 2-dimensional almost-Riemannian geometry. We\\r\\nanalyse the connection with the Martinet case in sub-Riemannian geometry. We\\r\\ncompute estimations of the exponential map which allow us to describe the\\r\\nconjugate locus and the cut locus at a tangency point. We prove that this last\\r\\none generically accumulates at the tangency point as an asymmetric cusp whose branches are separated by the singular set.

1 aBonnard, Bernard1 aCharlot, Grégoire1 aGhezzi, Roberta1 aJanin, Gabriel uhttp://hdl.handle.net/1963/491401347nas a2200133 4500008004300000245006300043210006300106260001300169520093400182100001701116700002301133700002101156856003601177 2010 en_Ud 00aExistence of planar curves minimizing length and curvature0 aExistence of planar curves minimizing length and curvature bSpringer3 aIn this paper we consider the problem of reconstructing a curve that is partially hidden or corrupted by minimizing the functional $\\\\int \\\\sqrt{1+K_\\\\gamma^2} ds$, depending both on length and curvature $K$. We fix starting and ending points as well as initial and final directions.\\nFor this functional we discuss the problem of existence of minimizers on various functional spaces. We find non-existence of minimizers in cases in which initial and final directions are considered with orientation. In this case, minimizing sequences of trajectories can converge to curves with angles.\\nWe instead prove existence of minimizers for the \\\"time-reparameterized\\\" functional $$\\\\int \\\\| \\\\dot\\\\gamma(t) \\\\|\\\\sqrt{1+K_\\\\ga^2} dt$$ for all boundary conditions if initial and final directions are considered regardless to orientation. In this case, minimizers can present cusps (at most two) but not angles.1 aBoscain, Ugo1 aCharlot, Grégoire1 aRossi, Francesco uhttp://hdl.handle.net/1963/410700493nas a2200109 4500008004100000245009300041210006900134100001700203700002300220700002000243856012000263 2010 eng d00aA normal form for generic 2-dimensional almost-Riemannian structures at a tangency point0 anormal form for generic 2dimensional almostRiemannian structures1 aBoscain, Ugo1 aCharlot, Grégoire1 aGhezzi, Roberta uhttps://www.math.sissa.it/publication/normal-form-generic-2-dimensional-almost-riemannian-structures-tangency-point01439nas a2200181 4500008004300000245007000043210006800113260001300181300001200194490000700206520090200213100002501115700001701140700002301157700002001180700002101200856003601221 2010 en_Ud 00aTwo-dimensional almost-Riemannian structures with tangency points0 aTwodimensional almostRiemannian structures with tangency points bElsevier a793-8070 v273 a

Two-dimensional almost-Riemannian structures are generalized Riemannian structures on surfaces for which a local orthonormal frame is given by a Lie bracket generating pair of vector fields that can become collinear. We study the relation between the topological invariants of an almost-Riemannian structure on a compact oriented surface and the rank-two vector bundle over the surface which defines the structure. We analyse the generic case including the presence of tangency points, i.e. points where two generators of the distribution and their Lie bracket are linearly dependent. The main result of the paper provides a classification of oriented almost-Riemannian structures on compact oriented surfaces in terms of the Euler number of the vector bundle corresponding to the structure. Moreover, we present a Gauss-Bonnet formula for almost-Riemannian structures with tangency points.

1 aAgrachev, Andrei, A.1 aBoscain, Ugo1 aCharlot, Grégoire1 aGhezzi, Roberta1 aSigalotti, Mario uhttp://hdl.handle.net/1963/387000968nas a2200121 4500008004300000245005100043210005100094520060400145100001700749700002300766700002100789856003600810 2006 en_Ud 00aStability of planar nonlinear switched systems0 aStability of planar nonlinear switched systems3 aWe consider the time-dependent nonlinear system ˙ q(t) = u(t)X(q(t)) + (1 − u(t))Y (q(t)), where q ∈ R2, X and Y are two smooth vector fields, globally asymptotically stable at the origin and u : [0,∞) → {0, 1} is an arbitrary measurable function. Analysing the topology of the set where X and Y are parallel, we give some sufficient and some necessary conditions for global asymptotic stability, uniform with respect to u(.). Such conditions can be verified without any integration or construction of a Lyapunov function, and they are robust under small perturbations of the vector fields.1 aBoscain, Ugo1 aCharlot, Grégoire1 aSigalotti, Mario uhttp://hdl.handle.net/1963/171001293nas a2200121 4500008004300000245009700043210006900140520086400209100001701073700002201090700002301112856003601135 2005 en_Ud 00aNonisotropic 3-level quantum systems: complete solutions for minimum time and minimum energy0 aNonisotropic 3level quantum systems complete solutions for minim3 aWe apply techniques of subriemannian geometry on Lie groups and of optimal synthesis on 2-D manifolds to the population transfer problem in a three-level quantum system driven by two laser pulses, of arbitrary shape and frequency. In the rotating wave approximation, we consider a nonisotropic model i.e. a model in which the two coupling constants of the lasers are different. The aim is to induce transitions from the first to the third level, minimizing 1) the time of the transition (with bounded laser amplitudes),\\n2) the energy of lasers (with fixed final time). After reducing the problem to real variables, for the purpose 1) we develop a theory of time optimal syntheses for distributional problem on 2-D-manifolds, while for the purpose 2) we use techniques of subriemannian geometry on 3-D Lie groups. The complete optimal syntheses are computed.1 aBoscain, Ugo1 aChambrion, Thomas1 aCharlot, Grégoire uhttp://hdl.handle.net/1963/225901180nas a2200121 4500008004300000245007900043210006900122260001700191520077400208100001700982700002300999856003601022 2004 en_Ud 00aResonance of minimizers for n-level quantum systems with an arbitrary cost0 aResonance of minimizers for nlevel quantum systems with an arbit bEDP Sciences3 aWe consider an optimal control problem describing a laser-induced population transfer on a $n$-level quantum system.\\nFor a convex cost depending only on the moduli of controls (i.e. the lasers intensities), we prove that there always exists a minimizer in resonance. This permits to justify some strategies used in experimental physics. It is also quite important because it permits to reduce remarkably the complexity of the problem (and extend some of our previous results for $n=2$ and $n=3$): instead of looking for minimizers on the sphere $S^{2n-1}\\\\subset\\\\C^n$ one is reduced to look just for minimizers on the sphere $S^{n-1}\\\\subset \\\\R^n$. Moreover, for the reduced problem, we investigate on the question of existence of strict abnormal minimizer.1 aBoscain, Ugo1 aCharlot, Grégoire uhttp://hdl.handle.net/1963/2910