02335nas a2200325   4500008004100000022001400041245014400055210006900199300000800268490000600276520131600282653001801598653002401616653001801640653002301658653001601681653002401697653002501721653002501746100002501771700002101796700002301817700002201840700002101862700002501883700002201908700001701930700001901947856004301966       2020                        eng d  a2640-350100aMicroMotility: State of the art, recent accomplishments and perspectives on the mathematical modeling of bio-motility at microscopic scales0 aMicroMotility State of the art recent accomplishments and perspe  a2300 v23 a<p>Mathematical modeling and quantitative study of biological motility (in particular, of motility at microscopic scales) is producing new biophysical insight and is offering opportunities for new discoveries at the level of both fundamental science and technology. These range from the explanation of how complex behavior at the level of a single organism emerges from body architecture, to the understanding of collective phenomena in groups of organisms and tissues, and of how these forms of swarm intelligence can be controlled and harnessed in engineering applications, to the elucidation of processes of fundamental biological relevance at the cellular and sub-cellular level. In this paper, some of the most exciting new developments in the fields of locomotion of unicellular organisms, of soft adhesive locomotion across scales, of the study of pore translocation properties of knotted DNA, of the development of synthetic active solid sheets, of the mechanics of the unjamming transition in dense cell collectives, of the mechanics of cell sheet folding in volvocalean algae, and of the self-propulsion of topological defects in active matter are discussed. For each of these topics, we provide a brief state of the art, an example of recent achievements, and some directions for future research.</p>10aactive matter10aadhesive locomotion10acell motility10acell sheet folding10aknotted DNA10atopological defects10aunicellular swimmers10aunjamming transition1 aAgostinelli, Daniele1 aCerbino, Roberto1 aDel Alamo, Juan, C1 aDeSimone, Antonio1 aHöhn, Stephanie1 aMicheletti, Cristian1 aNoselli, Giovanni1 aSharon, Eran1 aYeomans, Julia  uhttp://dx.doi.org/10.3934/mine.202001101971nas a2200169   4500008004100000245009100041210006900132260003100201520131900232100002201551700001701573700002001590700002201610700002201632700002501654856012201679       2012                        en  d00aHybridization in nanostructured DNA monolayers probed by AFM: theory versus experiment0 aHybridization in nanostructured DNA monolayers probed by AFM the  bRoyal Society of Chemistry3 aNanografted monolayers (NAMs) of DNA show novel physico-chemical properties that make them ideally suited for advanced biosensing applications. In comparison with alternative solid-phase techniques for diagnostic DNA detection, NAMs have the advantage of combining a small size with a high homogeneity of the DNA surface coverage. These two properties favour the extreme miniaturization and ultrasensitivity in high-throughput biosensing devices. The systematic use of NAMs for quantitative DNA (and protein) detection has so far suffered from the lack of a control on key fabrication parameters, such as the ss- or ds-DNA surface coverage. Here we report on a combined experimental-computational study that allows us to estimate the surface density of the grafted DNA by analyzing the sample mechanical response, that is the DNA patch height vs. applied tip load curves. It is shown that the same analysis scheme can be used to detect the occurrence of hybridization with complementary strands in solution and estimate its efficiency. Thanks to these quantitative relationships it is possible to use a single AFM-based setup to: (i) fabricate a DNA NAM, (ii) control the DNA surface coverage, and (iii) characterize its level of hybridization helping the design of NAMs with pre-determined fabrication parameters.1 aBosco, Alessandro1 aBano, Fouzia1 aParisse, Pietro1 aCasalis, Loredana1 aDeSimone, Antonio1 aMicheletti, Cristian  uhttps://www.math.sissa.it/publication/hybridization-nanostructured-dna-monolayers-probed-afm-theory-versus-experiment