TY - JOUR T1 - Spectral analysis and the Aharonov-Bohm effect on certain almost-Riemannian manifolds JF - Communications in Partial Differential Equations Y1 - 2016 A1 - Ugo Boscain A1 - Dario Prandi A1 - M. Seri AB -

We study spectral properties of the Laplace-Beltrami operator on two relevant almost-Riemannian manifolds, namely the Grushin structures on the cylinder and on the sphere. This operator contains first order diverging terms caused by the divergence of the volume. We get explicit descriptions of the spectrum and the eigenfunctions. In particular in both cases we get a Weyl's law with leading term Elog E. We then study the drastic effect of Aharonov-Bohm magnetic potentials on the spectral properties. Other generalized Riemannian structures including conic and anti-conic type manifolds are also studied. In this case, the Aharonov-Bohm magnetic potential may affect the self-adjointness of the Laplace-Beltrami operator.

PB - Taylor & Francis VL - 41 UR - https://doi.org/10.1080/03605302.2015.1095766 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Lipschitz Classification of Almost-Riemannian Distances on Compact Oriented Surfaces JF - Journal of Geometric Analysis Y1 - 2013 A1 - Ugo Boscain A1 - Grégoire Charlot A1 - Roberta Ghezzi A1 - Mario Sigalotti AB -

Two-dimensional almost-Riemannian structures are generalized Riemannian structures on surfaces for which a local orthonormal frame is given by a Lie bracket generating pair of vector fields that can become collinear. We consider the Carnot–Carathéodory distance canonically associated with an almost-Riemannian structure and study the problem of Lipschitz equivalence between two such distances on the same compact oriented surface. We analyze the generic case, allowing in particular for the presence of tangency points, i.e., points where two generators of the distribution and their Lie bracket are linearly dependent. The main result of the paper provides a characterization of the Lipschitz equivalence class of an almost-Riemannian distance in terms of a labeled graph associated with it.

VL - 23 UR - https://doi.org/10.1007/s12220-011-9262-4 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Self-adjoint extensions and stochastic completeness of the Laplace-Beltrami operator on conic and anticonic surfaces Y1 - 2013 A1 - Ugo Boscain A1 - Dario Prandi ER - TY - JOUR T1 - On 2-step, corank 2 nilpotent sub-Riemannian metrics JF - SIAM J. Control Optim., 50 (2012) 559–582 Y1 - 2012 A1 - Davide Barilari A1 - Ugo Boscain A1 - Jean-Paul Gauthier AB - In this paper we study the nilpotent 2-step, corank 2 sub-Riemannian metrics\\r\\nthat are nilpotent approximations of general sub-Riemannian metrics. We exhibit optimal syntheses for these problems. It turns out that in general the cut time is not equal to the first conjugate time but has a simple explicit expression. As a byproduct of this study we get some smoothness properties of the spherical Hausdorff measure in the case of a generic 6 dimensional, 2-step corank 2 sub-Riemannian metric. PB - Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics UR - http://hdl.handle.net/1963/6065 U1 - 5950 U2 - Mathematics U3 - Functional Analysis and Applications U4 - -1 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - On the Hausdorff volume in sub-Riemannian geometry JF - Calculus of Variations and Partial Differential Equations. Volume 43, Issue 3-4, March 2012, Pages 355-388 Y1 - 2012 A1 - Andrei A. Agrachev A1 - Davide Barilari A1 - Ugo Boscain AB - For a regular sub-Riemannian manifold we study the Radon-Nikodym derivative\r\nof the spherical Hausdorff measure with respect to a smooth volume. We prove\r\nthat this is the volume of the unit ball in the nilpotent approximation and it\r\nis always a continuous function. We then prove that up to dimension 4 it is\r\nsmooth, while starting from dimension 5, in corank 1 case, it is C^3 (and C^4\r\non every smooth curve) but in general not C^5. These results answer to a\r\nquestion addressed by Montgomery about the relation between two intrinsic\r\nvolumes that can be defined in a sub-Riemannian manifold, namely the Popp and\r\nthe Hausdorff volume. If the nilpotent approximation depends on the point (that\r\nmay happen starting from dimension 5), then they are not proportional, in\r\ngeneral. PB - SISSA UR - http://hdl.handle.net/1963/6454 U1 - 6399 U2 - Mathematics U4 - 1 U5 - MAT/05 ANALISI MATEMATICA ER - TY - RPRT T1 - Introduction to Riemannian and sub-Riemannian geometry Y1 - 2012 A1 - Andrei A. Agrachev A1 - Davide Barilari A1 - Ugo Boscain PB - SISSA UR - http://hdl.handle.net/1963/5877 U1 - 5747 U2 - Mathematics U3 - Functional Analysis and Applications U4 - -1 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Existence of planar curves minimizing length and curvature JF - Proc. Steklov Inst. Math. 270 (2010) 43-56 Y1 - 2010 A1 - Ugo Boscain A1 - Grégoire Charlot A1 - Francesco Rossi AB - In this paper we consider the problem of reconstructing a curve that is partially hidden or corrupted by minimizing the functional $\\\\int \\\\sqrt{1+K_\\\\gamma^2} ds$, depending both on length and curvature $K$. We fix starting and ending points as well as initial and final directions.\\nFor this functional we discuss the problem of existence of minimizers on various functional spaces. We find non-existence of minimizers in cases in which initial and final directions are considered with orientation. In this case, minimizing sequences of trajectories can converge to curves with angles.\\nWe instead prove existence of minimizers for the \\\"time-reparameterized\\\" functional $$\\\\int \\\\| \\\\dot\\\\gamma(t) \\\\|\\\\sqrt{1+K_\\\\ga^2} dt$$ for all boundary conditions if initial and final directions are considered regardless to orientation. In this case, minimizers can present cusps (at most two) but not angles. PB - Springer UR - http://hdl.handle.net/1963/4107 U1 - 297 U2 - Mathematics U3 - Functional Analysis and Applications ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A normal form for generic 2-dimensional almost-Riemannian structures at a tangency point JF - arXiv preprint arXiv:1008.5036 Y1 - 2010 A1 - Ugo Boscain A1 - Grégoire Charlot A1 - Roberta Ghezzi ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Projective Reeds-Shepp car on $S^2$ with quadratic cost JF - ESAIM COCV 16 (2010) 275-297 Y1 - 2010 A1 - Ugo Boscain A1 - Francesco Rossi AB - Fix two points $x,\\\\bar{x}\\\\in S^2$ and two directions (without orientation) $\\\\eta,\\\\bar\\\\eta$ of the velocities in these points. In this paper we are interested to the problem of minimizing the cost $$ J[\\\\gamma]=\\\\int_0^T g_{\\\\gamma(t)}(\\\\dot\\\\gamma(t),\\\\dot\\\\gamma(t))+\\nK^2_{\\\\gamma(t)}g_{\\\\gamma(t)}(\\\\dot\\\\gamma(t),\\\\dot\\\\gamma(t)) ~dt$$ along all smooth curves starting from $x$ with direction $\\\\eta$ and ending in $\\\\bar{x}$ with direction $\\\\bar\\\\eta$. Here $g$ is the standard Riemannian metric on $S^2$ and $K_\\\\gamma$ is the corresponding geodesic curvature.\\nThe interest of this problem comes from mechanics and geometry of vision. It can be formulated as a sub-Riemannian problem on the lens space L(4,1).\\nWe compute the global solution for this problem: an interesting feature is that some optimal geodesics present cusps. The cut locus is a stratification with non trivial topology. UR - http://hdl.handle.net/1963/2668 U1 - 1429 U2 - Mathematics U3 - Functional Analysis and Applications ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Two-dimensional almost-Riemannian structures with tangency points JF - Ann. Inst. H. Poincare Anal. Non Lineaire Y1 - 2010 A1 - Andrei A. Agrachev A1 - Ugo Boscain A1 - Grégoire Charlot A1 - Roberta Ghezzi A1 - Mario Sigalotti AB -

Two-dimensional almost-Riemannian structures are generalized Riemannian structures on surfaces for which a local orthonormal frame is given by a Lie bracket generating pair of vector fields that can become collinear. We study the relation between the topological invariants of an almost-Riemannian structure on a compact oriented surface and the rank-two vector bundle over the surface which defines the structure. We analyse the generic case including the presence of tangency points, i.e. points where two generators of the distribution and their Lie bracket are linearly dependent. The main result of the paper provides a classification of oriented almost-Riemannian structures on compact oriented surfaces in terms of the Euler number of the vector bundle corresponding to the structure. Moreover, we present a Gauss-Bonnet formula for almost-Riemannian structures with tangency points.

PB - Elsevier VL - 27 UR - http://hdl.handle.net/1963/3870 U1 - 839 U2 - Mathematics U3 - Functional Analysis and Applications ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Controllability of the discrete-spectrum Schrodinger equation driven by an external field JF - Ann. Inst. H. Poincare Anal. Non Lineaire 26 (2009) 329-349 Y1 - 2009 A1 - Thomas Chambrion A1 - Paolo Mason A1 - Mario Sigalotti A1 - Ugo Boscain AB - We prove approximate controllability of the bilinear Schrodinger equation in the case in which the uncontrolled Hamiltonian has discrete nonresonant\\nspectrum. The results that are obtained apply both to bounded or unbounded domains and to the case in which the control potential is bounded or unbounded. The method relies on finite-dimensional techniques applied to the\\nGalerkin approximations and permits, in addition, to get some controllability properties for the density matrix. Two examples are presented: the harmonic oscillator and the 3D well of potential controlled by suitable potentials. UR - http://hdl.handle.net/1963/2547 U1 - 1572 U2 - Mathematics U3 - Functional Analysis and Applications ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The intrinsic hypoelliptic Laplacian and its heat kernel on unimodular Lie groups JF - J. Funct. Anal. 256 (2009) 2621-2655 Y1 - 2009 A1 - Andrei A. Agrachev A1 - Ugo Boscain A1 - Jean-Paul Gauthier A1 - Francesco Rossi AB - We present an invariant definition of the hypoelliptic Laplacian on sub-Riemannian structures with constant growth vector, using the Popp\\\'s volume form introduced by Montgomery. This definition generalizes the one of the Laplace-Beltrami operator in Riemannian geometry. In the case of left-invariant problems on unimodular Lie groups we prove that it coincides with the usual sum of squares.\\nWe then extend a method (first used by Hulanicki on the Heisenberg group) to compute explicitly the kernel of the hypoelliptic heat equation on any unimodular Lie group of type I. The main tool is the noncommutative Fourier transform. We then study some relevant cases: SU(2), SO(3), SL(2) (with the metrics inherited by the Killing form), and the group SE(2) of rototranslations of the plane.\\nOur study is motivated by some recent results about the cut and conjugate loci on these sub-Riemannian manifolds. The perspective is to understand how singularities of the sub-Riemannian distance reflect on the kernel of the corresponding hypoelliptic heat equation. UR - http://hdl.handle.net/1963/2669 U1 - 1428 U2 - Mathematics U3 - Functional Analysis and Applications ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A Gauss-Bonnet-like formula on two-dimensional almost-Riemannian manifolds JF - Discrete Contin. Dyn. Syst. 20 (2008) 801-822 Y1 - 2008 A1 - Andrei A. Agrachev A1 - Ugo Boscain A1 - Mario Sigalotti AB - We consider a generalization of Riemannian geometry that naturally arises in the framework of control theory. Let $X$ and $Y$ be two smooth vector fields on a two-dimensional manifold $M$. If $X$ and $Y$ are everywhere linearly independent, then they define a classical Riemannian metric on $M$ (the metric for which they are orthonormal) and they give to $M$ the structure of metric space. If $X$ and $Y$ become linearly dependent somewhere on $M$, then the corresponding Riemannian metric has singularities, but under generic conditions the metric structure is still well defined. Metric structures that can be defined locally in this way are called almost-Riemannian structures. They are special cases of rank-varying sub-Riemannian structures, which are naturally defined in terms of submodules of the space of smooth vector fields on $M$. Almost-Riemannian structures show interesting phenomena, in particular for what concerns the relation between curvature, presence of conjugate points, and topology of the manifold. The main result of the paper is a generalization to almost-Riemannian structures of the Gauss-Bonnet formula. UR - http://hdl.handle.net/1963/1869 U1 - 2353 U2 - Mathematics U3 - Functional Analysis and Applications ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Invariant Carnot-Caratheodory metrics on S3, SO(3), SL(2) and Lens Spaces JF - SIAM J. Control Optim. 47 (2008) 1851-1878 Y1 - 2008 A1 - Ugo Boscain A1 - Francesco Rossi AB - In this paper we study the invariant Carnot-Caratheodory metrics on SU(2) \\\' S3,\\nSO(3) and SL(2) induced by their Cartan decomposition. Beside computing explicitly geodesics and conjugate loci, we compute the cut loci (globally) and we give the expression of the Carnot-Caratheodory distance as the inverse of an elementary function. We then prove that the metric\\ngiven on SU(2) projects on the so called Lens Spaces L(p; q). Also for Lens Spaces, we compute\\nthe cut loci (globally). UR - http://hdl.handle.net/1963/2144 U1 - 2099 U2 - Mathematics U3 - Functional Analysis and Applications ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Limit Time Optimal Syntheses for a control-affine system on S² JF - SIAM J. Control Optim. 47 (2008) 111-143 Y1 - 2008 A1 - Paolo Mason A1 - Rebecca Salmoni A1 - Ugo Boscain A1 - Yacine Chitour AB - For $\\\\alpha \\\\in ]0,\\\\pi/2[$, let $(\\\\Sigma)_\\\\alpha$ be the control system $\\\\dot{x}=(F+uG)x$, where $x$ belongs to the two-dimensional unit sphere $S^2$, $u\\\\in [-1,1]$, and $F,G$ are $3\\\\times3$ skew-symmetric matrices generating rotations with perpendicular axes and of respective norms $\\\\cos(\\\\alpha)$ and $\\\\sin(\\\\alpha)$. In this paper, we study the time optimal synthesis (TOS) from the north pole $(0,0,1)^T$ associated to $(\\\\Sigma)_\\\\alpha$, as the parameter $\\\\alpha$ tends to zero; this problem is motivated by specific issues in the control of quantum systems. We first prove that the TOS is characterized by a \\\"two-snakes\\\" configuration on the whole $S^2$, except for a neighborhood $U_\\\\alpha$ of the south pole $(0,0,-1)^T$ of diameter at most ${\\\\cal O}(\\\\alpha)$. We next show that, inside $U_\\\\alpha$, the TOS depends on the relationship between $r(\\\\alpha):=\\\\pi/2\\\\alpha-[\\\\pi/2\\\\alpha]$ and $\\\\alpha$. More precisely, we characterize three main relationships by considering sequences $(\\\\alpha_k)_{k\\\\geq 0}$ satisfying (a) $r(\\\\alpha_k)=\\\\bar{r}$, (b) $r(\\\\alpha_k)=C\\\\alpha_k$, and (c) $r(\\\\alpha_k)=0$, where $\\\\bar{r}\\\\in (0,1)$ and $C>0$. In each case, we describe the TOS and provide, after a suitable rescaling, the limiting behavior, as $\\\\alpha$ tends to zero, of the corresponding TOS inside $U_\\\\alpha$. UR - http://hdl.handle.net/1963/1862 U1 - 2360 U2 - Mathematics U3 - Functional Analysis and Applications ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Stability of planar switched systems: the nondiagonalizable case JF - Commun. Pure Appl. Anal. 7 (2008) 1-21 Y1 - 2008 A1 - Ugo Boscain A1 - Moussa Balde UR - http://hdl.handle.net/1963/1857 U1 - 2361 U2 - Mathematics U3 - Functional Analysis and Applications ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Gaussian estimates for hypoelliptic operators via optimal control JF - Atti Accad. Naz. Lincei Cl. Sci. Fis. Mat. Natur. Rend. Lincei (9) Mat. Appl. 18 (2007) 333-342 Y1 - 2007 A1 - Ugo Boscain A1 - Sergio Polidoro AB - We obtain Gaussian lower bounds for the fundamental solution of a class of hypoelliptic equations, by using repeatedly an invariant Harnack inequality. Our main result is given in terms of the value function of a suitable optimal control problem. UR - http://hdl.handle.net/1963/1994 U1 - 2202 U2 - Mathematics U3 - Functional Analysis and Applications ER - TY - RPRT T1 - High-order angles in almost-Riemannian geometry Y1 - 2007 A1 - Ugo Boscain A1 - Mario Sigalotti AB - Let X and Y be two smooth vector fields on a two-dimensional manifold M. If X and Y are everywhere linearly independent, then they define a Riemannian metric on M (the metric for which they are orthonormal) and they give to M the structure of metric space. If X and Y become linearly dependent somewhere on M, then the corresponding Riemannian metric has singularities, but under generic conditions the metric structure is still well defined. Metric structures that can be defined locally in this way are called almost-Riemannian structures. The main result of the paper is a generalization to almost-Riemannian structures of the Gauss-Bonnet formula for domains with piecewise-C2 boundary. The main feature of such formula is the presence of terms that play the role of high-order angles at the intersection points with the set of singularities. UR - http://hdl.handle.net/1963/1995 U1 - 2201 U2 - Mathematics U3 - Functional Analysis and Applications ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Classification of stable time-optimal controls on 2-manifolds JF - J. Math. Sci. 135 (2006) 3109-3124 Y1 - 2006 A1 - Ugo Boscain A1 - Igor Nikolaev A1 - Benedetto Piccoli UR - http://hdl.handle.net/1963/2196 U1 - 2048 U2 - Mathematics U3 - Functional Analysis and Applications ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Common Polynomial Lyapunov Functions for Linear Switched Systems JF - SIAM J. Control Optim. 45 (2006) 226-245 Y1 - 2006 A1 - Paolo Mason A1 - Ugo Boscain A1 - Yacine Chitour AB - In this paper, we consider linear switched systems $\\\\dot x(t)=A_{u(t)} x(t)$, $x\\\\in\\\\R^n$, $u\\\\in U$, and the problem of asymptotic stability for arbitrary switching functions, uniform with respect to switching ({\\\\bf UAS} for short). We first prove that, given a {\\\\bf UAS} system, it is always possible to build a common polynomial Lyapunov function. Then our main result is that the degree of that common polynomial Lyapunov function is not uniformly bounded over all the {\\\\bf UAS} systems. This result answers a question raised by Dayawansa and Martin. A generalization to a class of piecewise-polynomial Lyapunov functions is given. UR - http://hdl.handle.net/1963/2181 U1 - 2063 U2 - Mathematics U3 - Functional Analysis and Applications ER - TY - RPRT T1 - Stability of planar nonlinear switched systems Y1 - 2006 A1 - Ugo Boscain A1 - Grégoire Charlot A1 - Mario Sigalotti AB - We consider the time-dependent nonlinear system ˙ q(t) = u(t)X(q(t)) + (1 − u(t))Y (q(t)), where q ∈ R2, X and Y are two smooth vector fields, globally asymptotically stable at the origin and u : [0,∞) → {0, 1} is an arbitrary measurable function. Analysing the topology of the set where X and Y are parallel, we give some sufficient and some necessary conditions for global asymptotic stability, uniform with respect to u(.). Such conditions can be verified without any integration or construction of a Lyapunov function, and they are robust under small perturbations of the vector fields. JF - Discrete Contin. Dyn. Syst. 15 (2006) 415-432 UR - http://hdl.handle.net/1963/1710 U1 - 2441 U2 - Mathematics U3 - Functional Analysis and Applications ER - TY - RPRT T1 - Time Minimal Trajectories for a Spin 1/2 Particle in a Magnetic field Y1 - 2006 A1 - Ugo Boscain A1 - Paolo Mason AB - In this paper we consider the minimum time population transfer problem for the z-component\\nof the spin of a (spin 1/2) particle driven by a magnetic field, controlled along the x axis, with bounded amplitude. On the Bloch sphere (i.e. after a suitable Hopf projection), this problem can be attacked with techniques of optimal syntheses on 2-D manifolds. Let (-E,E) be the two energy levels, and |omega (t)| ≤ M the bound on the field amplitude. For each couple of values E and M, we determine the time optimal synthesis starting from the level -E and we provide the explicit expression of the time optimal trajectories steering the state one to the state two, in terms of a parameter that can be computed solving numerically a suitable equation. For M/E << 1, every time optimal trajectory is bang-bang and in particular the corresponding control is periodic with frequency of the order of the resonance frequency wR = 2E. On the other side, for M/E > 1, the time optimal trajectory steering the state one to the state two is bang-bang with exactly one switching. Fixed E we also prove that for M → ∞ the time needed to reach the state two tends to zero. In the case M/E > 1 there are time optimal trajectories containing a singular arc. Finally we compare these results with some known results of Khaneja, Brockett and Glaser and with those obtained by controlling the magnetic field both on the x and y directions (or with one external field, but in the rotating wave approximation). As byproduct we prove that the qualitative shape of the time optimal synthesis presents different patterns, that cyclically alternate as M/E → 0, giving a partial proof of a conjecture formulated in a previous paper. JF - Journal of Mathematical Physics 47, 062101 (2006) UR - http://hdl.handle.net/1963/1734 U1 - 2418 U2 - Mathematics U3 - Functional Analysis and Applications ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Nonisotropic 3-level quantum systems: complete solutions for minimum time and minimum energy JF - Discrete Contin. Dyn. Syst. Ser. B 5 (2005) 957-990 Y1 - 2005 A1 - Ugo Boscain A1 - Thomas Chambrion A1 - Grégoire Charlot AB - We apply techniques of subriemannian geometry on Lie groups and of optimal synthesis on 2-D manifolds to the population transfer problem in a three-level quantum system driven by two laser pulses, of arbitrary shape and frequency. In the rotating wave approximation, we consider a nonisotropic model i.e. a model in which the two coupling constants of the lasers are different. The aim is to induce transitions from the first to the third level, minimizing 1) the time of the transition (with bounded laser amplitudes),\\n2) the energy of lasers (with fixed final time). After reducing the problem to real variables, for the purpose 1) we develop a theory of time optimal syntheses for distributional problem on 2-D-manifolds, while for the purpose 2) we use techniques of subriemannian geometry on 3-D Lie groups. The complete optimal syntheses are computed. UR - http://hdl.handle.net/1963/2259 U1 - 1988 U2 - Mathematics U3 - Functional Analysis and Applications ER - TY - CHAP T1 - A short introduction to optimal control T2 - Contrôle non linéaire et applications: Cours donnés à l\\\'école d\\\'été du Cimpa de l\\\'Université de Tlemcen / Sari Tewfit [ed.]. - Paris: Hermann, 2005 Y1 - 2005 A1 - Ugo Boscain A1 - Benedetto Piccoli JF - Contrôle non linéaire et applications: Cours donnés à l\\\'école d\\\'été du Cimpa de l\\\'Université de Tlemcen / Sari Tewfit [ed.]. - Paris: Hermann, 2005 SN - 2 7056 6511 0 UR - http://hdl.handle.net/1963/2257 U1 - 1990 U2 - Mathematics U3 - Functional Analysis and Applications ER - TY - RPRT T1 - Time minimal trajectories for two-level quantum systems with drift Y1 - 2005 A1 - Ugo Boscain A1 - Paolo Mason AB - On a two-level quantum system driven by an external field, we consider the population transfer problem from the first to the second level, minimizing the time of transfer, with bounded field amplitude. On the Bloch sphere (i.e. after a suitable Hopf projection), this problem can be attacked with techniques of optimal syntheses on 2-D manifolds. JF - Decision and Control, 2005 and 2005 European Control Conference. CDC-ECC \\\'05. 44th IEEE Conference on UR - http://hdl.handle.net/1963/1688 U1 - 2445 U2 - Mathematics U3 - Functional Analysis and Applications ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Time Optimal Synthesis for Left-Invariant Control Systems on SO(3) JF - SIAM J. Control Optim. 44 (2005) 111-139 Y1 - 2005 A1 - Ugo Boscain A1 - Yacine Chitour AB - Consider the control system given by $\\\\dot x=x(f+ug)$, where $x\\\\in SO(3)$, $|u|\\\\leq 1$ and $f,g\\\\in so(3)$ define two perpendicular left-invariant vector fields normalized so that $\\\\|f\\\\|=\\\\cos(\\\\al)$ and $\\\\|g\\\\|=\\\\sin(\\\\al)$, $\\\\al\\\\in ]0,\\\\pi/4[$. In this paper, we provide an upper bound and a lower bound for $N(\\\\alpha)$, the maximum number of switchings for time-optimal trajectories. More precisely, we show that $N_S(\\\\al)\\\\leq N(\\\\al)\\\\leq N_S(\\\\al)+4$, where $N_S(\\\\al)$ is a suitable integer function of $\\\\al$ which for $\\\\al\\\\to 0$ is of order $\\\\pi/(4\\\\alpha).$ The result is obtained by studying the time optimal synthesis of a projected control problem on $R P^2$, where the projection is defined by an appropriate Hopf fibration. Finally, we study the projected control problem on the unit sphere $S^2$. It exhibits interesting features which will be partly rigorously derived and partially described by numerical simulations. UR - http://hdl.handle.net/1963/2258 U1 - 1989 U2 - Mathematics U3 - Functional Analysis and Applications ER - TY - Generic T1 - On the minimal degree of a common Lyapunov function for planar switched systems T2 - 43rd IEEE Conference on Decision and Control, 2004, 2786 - 2791 Vol.3 Y1 - 2004 A1 - Paolo Mason A1 - Ugo Boscain A1 - Yacine Chitour AB - In this paper, we consider linear switched systems x(t) = Au(t)x(t), x ε Rn, u ε U, and the problem of asymptotic stability for arbitrary switching functions, uniform with respect to switching (UAS for short). We first prove that, given a UAS system, it is always possible to build a polynomial common Lyapunov function. Then our main result is that the degree of that the common polynomial Lyapunov function is not uniformly bounded over all the UAS systems. This result answers a question raised by Dayawansa and Martin. JF - 43rd IEEE Conference on Decision and Control, 2004, 2786 - 2791 Vol.3 PB - IEEE UR - http://hdl.handle.net/1963/4834 U1 - 4611 U2 - Mathematics U3 - Functional Analysis and Applications U4 - -1 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Resonance of minimizers for n-level quantum systems with an arbitrary cost JF - ESAIM COCV 10 (2004) 593-614 Y1 - 2004 A1 - Ugo Boscain A1 - Grégoire Charlot AB - We consider an optimal control problem describing a laser-induced population transfer on a $n$-level quantum system.\\nFor a convex cost depending only on the moduli of controls (i.e. the lasers intensities), we prove that there always exists a minimizer in resonance. This permits to justify some strategies used in experimental physics. It is also quite important because it permits to reduce remarkably the complexity of the problem (and extend some of our previous results for $n=2$ and $n=3$): instead of looking for minimizers on the sphere $S^{2n-1}\\\\subset\\\\C^n$ one is reduced to look just for minimizers on the sphere $S^{n-1}\\\\subset \\\\R^n$. Moreover, for the reduced problem, we investigate on the question of existence of strict abnormal minimizer. PB - EDP Sciences UR - http://hdl.handle.net/1963/2910 U1 - 1790 U2 - Mathematics U3 - Functional Analysis and Applications ER - TY - JOUR T1 - On the K+P problem for a three-level quantum system: optimality implies resonance JF - J.Dynam. Control Systems 8 (2002),no.4, 547 Y1 - 2002 A1 - Ugo Boscain A1 - Thomas Chambrion A1 - Jean-Paul Gauthier PB - SISSA Library UR - http://hdl.handle.net/1963/1601 U1 - 2517 U2 - Mathematics U3 - Functional Analysis and Applications ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Stability of planar switched systems: the linear single input case JF - SIAM J. Control Optim. 41 (2002), no. 1, 89-112 Y1 - 2002 A1 - Ugo Boscain AB - We study the stability of the origin for the dynamical system $\\\\dot x(t)=u(t)Ax(t)+(1-u(t))Bx(t),$ where A and B are two 2 × 2 real matrices with eigenvalues having strictly negative real part, $x\\\\in {\\\\mbox{{\\\\bf R}}}^2$, and $u(.):[0,\\\\infty[\\\\to[0,1]$ is a completely random measurable function. More precisely, we find a (coordinates invariant) necessary and sufficient condition on A and B for the origin to be asymptotically stable for each function u(.). The result is obtained without looking for a common Lyapunov function but studying the locus in which the two vector fields Ax and Bx are collinear. There are only three relevant parameters: the first depends only on the eigenvalues of A, the second depends only on the eigenvalues of B, and the third contains the interrelation among the two systems, and it is the cross ratio of the four eigenvectors of A and B in the projective line CP1. In the space of these parameters, the shape and the convexity of the region in which there is stability are studied. PB - SIAM UR - http://hdl.handle.net/1963/1529 U1 - 2634 U2 - Mathematics U3 - Functional Analysis and Applications ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Extremal synthesis for generic planar systems JF - J. Dynam. Control Systems, 2001, 7, 209 Y1 - 2001 A1 - Ugo Boscain A1 - Benedetto Piccoli PB - SISSA Library UR - http://hdl.handle.net/1963/1503 U1 - 2660 U2 - Mathematics U3 - Functional Analysis and Applications ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Morse properties for the minimum time function on 2-D manifolds JF - J. Dynam. Control Systems 7 (2001), no. 3, 385--423 Y1 - 2001 A1 - Ugo Boscain A1 - Benedetto Piccoli PB - SISSA Library UR - http://hdl.handle.net/1963/1541 U1 - 2622 U2 - Mathematics U3 - Functional Analysis and Applications ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Abnormal extremals for minimum time on the plane Y1 - 2000 A1 - Ugo Boscain A1 - Benedetto Piccoli PB - SISSA Library UR - http://hdl.handle.net/1963/1508 U1 - 2655 U2 - Mathematics U3 - Functional Analysis and Applications ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Projection singularities of extremals for planar systems Y1 - 1999 A1 - Ugo Boscain A1 - Benedetto Piccoli PB - SISSA Library UR - http://hdl.handle.net/1963/1304 U1 - 3151 U2 - Mathematics U3 - Functional Analysis and Applications ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Geometric control approach to synthesis theory JF - Rend. Sem. Mat. Univ. Politec. Torino 56 (1998), no. 4, 53-68 (2001) Y1 - 1998 A1 - Ugo Boscain A1 - Benedetto Piccoli PB - SISSA Library UR - http://hdl.handle.net/1963/1277 U1 - 3178 U2 - Mathematics U3 - Functional Analysis and Applications ER -