@article {2018,
	title = {Spontaneous morphing of equibiaxially pre-stretched elastic bilayers: The role of sample geometry},
	journal = {International Journal of Mechanical Sciences},
	volume = {149},
	year = {2018},
	pages = {481-486},
	abstract = {<p>An elastic bilayer, consisting of an equibiaxially pre-stretched sheet bonded to a stress-free one, spontaneously morphs into curved shapes in the absence of external loads or constraints. Using experiments and numerical simulations, we explore the role of geometry for square and rectangular samples in determining the equilibrium shape of the system, for a fixed pre-stretch. We classify the observed shapes over a wide range of aspect ratios according to their curvatures and compare measured and computed values, which show good agreement. In particular, as the bilayer becomes thinner, a bifurcation of the principal curvatures occurs, which separates two scaling regimes for the energy of the system. We characterize the transition between these two regimes and show the peculiar features that distinguish square from rectangular samples. The results for our model bilayer system may help explaining morphing in more complex systems made of active materials.</p>},
	keywords = {Bifurcation, Elastic bilayer, Pre-stretch, Shape programming},
	issn = {0020-7403},
	doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijmecsci.2017.08.049},
	url = {https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0020740317311761},
	author = {Noe Caruso and Aleksandar Cvetkovi{\'c} and Alessandro Lucantonio and Giovanni Noselli and Antonio DeSimone}
}
@article {2014,
	title = {Swelling dynamics of a thin elastomeric sheet under uniaxial pre-stretch},
	number = {Journal of Applied Physics;volume 115; issue 8; article number 083505;},
	year = {2014},
	publisher = {American Institute of Physics},
	abstract = {It has been demonstrated experimentally that pre-stretch affects the swelling of an elastomeric membrane when it is exposed to a solvent. We study theoretically the one-dimensional swelling of a pre-stretched thin elastomeric sheet, bonded to an impermeable rigid substrate, to quantify the influence of pre-stretch. We show that the solvent uptake increases when pre-stretch increases, both at equilibrium and during the swelling transient, where it exhibits two different scaling regimes. The coupling between the solvent uptake and pre-stretch may be practically exploited to design soft actuators where the swelling-induced deformations can be controlled by varying the pre-stretch.},
	doi = {10.1063/1.4866576},
	url = {http://urania.sissa.it/xmlui/handle/1963/35113},
	author = {Alessandro Lucantonio and Paola Nardinocchi and Howard A. Stone}
}
@article {2014,
	title = {Swelling-induced and controlled curving in layered gel beams},
	number = {Proceedings of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences;volume 470; issue 2171;},
	year = {2014},
	publisher = {Royal Society of London},
	abstract = {We describe swelling-driven curving in originally straight and non-homogeneous beams. We present and verify a structural model of swollen beams, based on a new point of view adopted to describe swelling-induced deformation processes in bilayered gel beams, that is based on the split of the swelling-induced deformation of the beam at equilibrium into two components, both depending on the elastic properties of the gel. The method allows us to: (i) determine beam stretching and curving, once assigned the characteristics of the solvent bath and of the non-homogeneous beam, and (ii) estimate the characteristics of non-homogeneous flat gel beams in such a way as to obtain, under free-swelling conditions, three-dimensional shapes. The study was pursued by means of analytical, semi-analytical and numerical tools; excellent agreement of the outcomes of the different techniques was found, thus confirming the strength of the method.},
	doi = {10.1098/rspa.2014.0467},
	url = {http://urania.sissa.it/xmlui/handle/1963/34987},
	author = {Alessandro Lucantonio and Paola Nardinocchi and Matteo Pezzulla}
}
