Mathematics

I will explain the integer quantum Hall effect starting from its discovery by K. von Klitzing in 1980’s and then to shed some light on its interpretation as a bulk phenomenon by introducing the Hall conductance, which is defined as the ratio between the charge current intensity and the electric potential drop measured in orthogonal directions. Finally, I will set up the linear response paradigm given by the Kubo formula to compute the Hall conductance, whose expression can be related to the Chern number, which is an integer.